Effect of teenage pregnancy on academic performance

Of the complete confounding present in the youngest teenage group between maternal education and maternal teen age (no mothers with more than a high school education were available in this age group), it is impossible to separate the effects of maternal age and maternal education for children of mothers aged 11–17 years. For blacks, in particular, being younger by 1 year was associated with a significant increase in the odds of placement in eh, ld, emh, and tmh, while among whites, the odds increased significantly only for academic problems. Although some previous studies have detected negative effects even after controlling for confounders (13, 15), in our study, no residual negative effects were should be pointed out that although teen age birth does not appear to have a detrimental effect per se on educational outcome, it may contribute to low maternal education, unmarried status, and/or poverty, factors with known, large, negative effects on educational disabilities.

Effects of teenage pregnancy on academic performance of students

Girls who withdraw from school due to pregnancy would have otherwise continued in school had they not become r 2: literature studies have investigated the degree to which pregnancy related school dropout is a major cause of gender differences in educational attainment (eloundou-enyegue and strokes 2004). Hence, there is some evidence that a large number of children of teenage mothers show disabilities or academic problems not because of the effect of having a teenage mother per se but because of the confounding influences of other factors. Earn money and win an iphone american journal of microsite search american journal of the johns hopkins bloomberg school of public ls career ising and corporate -archiving american journal of mobile search als and of teenage pregnancy on educational disabilities in a v.

Pi, physically impaired; si, sensory impaired; pmh, profoundly mentally handicapped; tmh, trainable mentally handicapped; emh, educable mentally handicapped; ld, learning disabled; eh, emotionally handicapped; ap, academic problems; or odds ratio; ci, confidence large investigated the independent effect of maternal age on educational disabilities in kindergarten. Generalized odds ratios, with regular classroom placement as the reference category, were used to measure the effect on each educational disability of levels of maternal age in relation to the reference category 20–35 years. A limitation of the current strategy is that the relative importance of a predictor depends on the other predictors present in the e of a lack of sufficient variability in education within the maternal teenage categories, it was difficult to separate the effect of age from that of education in these groups.

Whereas there have been issues raised with regard to teenage pregnancy and its subsequent influence on school dropouts, the literature available is really not about schoolgirl pregnancy at all, but instead on the relationship between school exit and subsequent childbearing. I also wish to acknowledge the officers at the district education office embu district, the schools’ head teachers and their guidance & counseling teachers and students who made it possible for me to obtain the you all for making it possible for me to obtain this final of tables & figures. Common didactics, educational objectives, ch paper (postgraduate),Male invovlement in their partner's pregnancy and exploratory study in bil...

Hence, perinatal variables as a whole do not appear to act as confounders for the relation between maternal age and the outcome and were excluded from further lized odds ratios and associated 95% confidence intervals for maternal age effects on educational outcomes when controlling for subsets (i–v) of potentially confounding sociodemographic factors, florida,1992–1994† maternal age (years) and model educational placement pi‡ si‡ pmh‡ tmh‡ emh‡ ld‡ eh‡ ap‡ 11–17          i 0. Our study is population based and allows us to assess the effects of maternal age on functionally determined, school-based disabilities while controlling for a variety of sociodemographic confounders. The statistics on school drop out of the teenage mothers in kenya reveal that the problem has been demanding urgent solution.

Statistical catmod procedure in sas (32) was used to fit generalized logistic regression models for multinomial responses to assess the unadjusted and the adjusted effects of maternal age on the outcome. To check whether there was an age effect in the youngest teenage group, we performed an additional analysis in which we considered only children of mothers aged 11–17 years with less than a high school education who were unmarried and poor. A more plausible explanation is that children of younger teenagers are at a disadvantage because of environmental conclusion, children of teenage mothers are at a higher risk for disabilities in kindergarten, but this increased risk appears to be due not to a biological effect of the young age of the mother per se but to the confounding influences of associated sociodemographic and/or environmental factors.

Fortunately, sociodemographic factors such as maternal education are remedial, and intervention programs targeted at teenage mothers have been shown to ameliorate some of the negative consequences of teenage parenting (33). Odds ratios significantly greater than one indicate detrimental effects of younger (or older) than normal age, while odds ratios significantly less than one indicate protective effects of younger (or older) first fitted two main effects models: 1) an univariable model in which maternal age was the only predictor and 2) a multivariable model with main effects for all predictors considered. The educational stakes are also very high for young parents in the developed countries whereas a high percentage of young mothers drop out of school, making early motherhood the number one reason for dropping out of school among young girls in these africa, especially the sub-saharan africa countries, there are concerns about high rates of pregnancy-related school dropouts, also leading to the reported gender disparities in education in the developing world (mensch et.

Often, even after controlling for such confounding factors, negative effects have still been observed (2, 5, 13, 14), but in some studies, the negative effects have been found to completely disappear, and some positive effects of younger age have even been found (4, 6, 7, 11, 16). When girls drop out of school because of pregnancy, their future socio-economic prospects are significantly reduced. The effect of this type of mismeasurement on our findings will be to diminish the apparent significance of maternal education because the high-risk group of mothers with a low level of education at birth also includes those who increase their level of education after the birth of their children.

The restriction of the study sample to only young teenagers with less than a high school education who were unmarried and poor and the treatment of maternal age as a continuous variable allowed us to assess the independent effect of age on the outcome within the subpopulation of most typical teenage mothers. To check whether there is an effect (possibly biological) of age among younger mothers, we considered the population of children of mothers aged 11–17 years with less than a high school education who were unmarried and poor. Particularly for those who give such dominant concerns as financial issues, family obligations, or lack of interest in school, a pregnancy may serve as an unacknowledged catalyzing force for timing of school ’ dropping out of school due to pregnancy is a prevalent issue as reported in most schools in kenya and this makes the issue of pregnancy as a reason for school dropout a subject worth investigating.

The fact that no age effect was observed for the most severe disabilities in younger mothers, if not explained by small sample sizes in the restricted population, does give some credence that there may not be a biological disadvantage of younger age with regard to disabilities in kindergarten. It furthers the university's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing ght © 2017 oxford university feature is available to subscribers in or create an pdf is available to subscribers article abstract & purchase full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual ncbi web site requires javascript to tionresourceshow toabout ncbi accesskeysmy ncbisign in to ncbisign l listbmc pregnancy childbirthv. In addition, some studies have shown that few adolescents use contraceptives and are at risk of pregnancy (kiragu, 1991; mccauley and salter, 1995; kiragu & zabin, 1995).