Literature review of solar energy

A market review is proposed including cost figures for several commercial orc modules and manufacturers. In addition, organic solar cells have their lightweight and flexibility advantage over conventional silicon-based crystalline solar cells.

Literature review on solar energy

Ev could be the alternative to decrease the global green house gases emission as the energy consumption in the world transportation is high. The main aim of this paper is to review the research on the unit sizing, optimization, energy management and modeling of the hybrid renewable energy system components.

A survey on the alternative dg units' configurations in the low voltage ac (lvac) and dc (lvdc) distribution networks with several applications of microgrid systems in the viewpoint of the current and the future consumer equipments energy market is extensively discussed. In this paper, a detailed review has been conducted to highlight different related aspects to biodiesel industry.

However, the non-availability of these renewable energy resources all the time throughout the year has led to research in the area of hybrid renewable energy systems. Paper provides a comprehensive review of fuel cell science and engineering with a focus on hydrogen fuel cells.

It also reviews phase change materials with melting temperatures above 300°c, which potentially can be used as energy storage media in these plants. The paper provides a concise, up-to-date review of fuel cell fundamentals; history; competing technologies; types; advantages and challenges; portable, stationary, and transportation applications and markets; current status of research-and-development; future targets; design levels; thermodynamic and electrochemical principles; system evaluation factors; and prospects and outlook.

After deep review of literature we have synthesized and characterized rare earth based europium organic complexes eu(tta) 3 phen, eu (x) y (1-x) (tta) 3 phen, and eu (x) tb (1-x) (tta) 3 phen, where x = 0. The extensive review on oleds concludes that our present lighting system can be replaced with white oleds, recently developed energy saving lighting technology.

To address this problem, renewable energy especially solar energy has attracted much attention, because it directly converts solar energy into electrical power leaving no environment affect. The review shows that most lca and lcea are carried out in what is shown as "exemplary buildings", that is, buildings that have been designed and constructed as low energy buildings, but there are very few studies on "traditional buildings", that is, buildings such as those mostly found in our cities.

Prosperity of human society largely relies on safe energy supply, and fossil fuel has been serving as the most reliable energy source. In this paper an attempt is made to review the various energy demand forecasting models.

Energy is linked to industrial production, agricultural output, health, access to water, population, education, quality of life, etc. This paper reviews concentrated solar thermal power plants that are currently operating and under construction.

In spite of high conversion rate of silicon based solar cells, the high module cost and complicated production process restricted their application solely to astronautic and aeronautic technology. As it makes a greater and/or more intensive use of its energy source, this technology could facilitate an electricity supply to unconnected areas, the self-production of energy, the desalination of seawater for human consumption, or even to increase the energy efficiency in the industrial sector respecting the environment.

Cabeza | lídia rincón | virginia vilariño | gabriel pérez | albert review summarizes and organizes the literature on life cycle assessment (lca), life cycle energy analysis (lcea) and life cycle cost analysis (lcca) studies carried out for environmental evaluation of buildings and building related industry and sector (including construction products, construction systems, buildings, and civil engineering constructions). The main objectives of the article are the introduction of the operating principles, as well as the presentation of the main characteristics of energy storage technologies suitable for stationary applications, and the definition and discussion of potential ess applications in wind power, according to an extensive literature review.

In the past few years, a lot of research has taken place in the design, optimization, operation and control of the renewable hybrid energy systems. Scientific and technical developments towards improving bio-oil yield and quality to date are reviewed, with an emphasis on bio-oil upgrading research.

In this paper, it reviews the selections of working fluids and expanders for organic rankine cycle, including an analysis of the influence of working fluids' category and their thermodynamic and physical properties on the organic rankine cycle's performance, a summary of pure and mixed working fluids' screening researches for organic rankine cycle, a comparison of pure and mixture working fluids' applications and a discussion of all types of expansion machines' operating characteristics, which would be beneficial to select the optimal working fluid and suitable expansion machine for an effective organic rankine cycle system. 2012 elsevier on dye-sensitized solar cells (dsscs): fundamental concepts and novel 16, issue 8, october 2012, pages gong | jing liang | k.

This is an unconventional but very promising technology for the conversion of thermal energy, at low and medium temperatures, into electrical and/or mechanical energy on a small scale. This paper reviews recently developed models for solving this problem, which include elaborate and simplified engineering methods, statistical methods and artificial intelligence methods.

All rights -microgrids versus dc-microgrids with distributed energy resources: a 24, issue , april 2013, pages n john justo | francis mwasilu | ju lee | jin woo paper presents the latest comprehensive literature review of ac and dc microgrid (mg) systems in connection with distributed generation (dg) units using renewable energy sources (ress), energy storage systems (ess) and loads. All rights renewable energy systems for power generation in stand-alone applications: a 16, issue 5, june 2012, pages h bajpai | vaishalee has become imperative for the power and energy engineers to look out for the renewable energy sources such as sun, wind, geothermal, ocean and biomass as sustainable, cost-effective and environment friendly alternatives for conventional energy sources.