Childhood obesity action plan
Note: in this diagram energy intake is depicted as excessive when compared to energy expenditure, leading to a positive energy balance (or energy imbalance) resulting in obesity. Box 3-1 summarizes these long-term and intermediate goals, which will be discussed in greater detail throughout the 3-1goals of obesity prevention in children and youth.
The ultimate aim of obesity prevention in children and youth, however, is to create, through directed social change, an environmental-behavioral synergy that promotes positive outcomes both at the population and individual levels. Of the variables in tables 3-1 and 3-2 may be potential mediators of the relationship between socioeconomic inequities and childhood obesity.
The goal of the action plan is to reduce the childhood obesity rate to just five percent by 2030 – the same rate before childhood obesity first began to rise in the late 1970s. Is a comprehensive initiative, launched by the first lady, dedicated to solving the problem of obesity within a generation so that kids born today will grow up healthier and able to pursue their part of this effort, president barack obama established the first-ever task force on childhood obesity to develop and implement an inter-agency plan that details a coordinated strategy, identifies key benchmarks, and outlines an action plan to end the problem of childhood obesity within a generation.
The work of the ation global estimates of child and adolescent obesity released on world obesity day. However, only six single-gene defects resulting in obesity have been found, and in fewer than 150 individuals (snyder et al.
Due to the limited number of rcts in obesity prevention efforts and methodological issues, including small sample sizes and high attrition rates of study participants, there is a paucity of rct data from which to generalize results to broader populations (nhs centre for reviews and dissemination, 2002). A relatively high obesity prevalence in some hispanic and american-indian groups was noted prior to the obesity epidemic (kumanyika, 1993); the pattern of excess weight gain and accelerated rates of obesity prevalence in african-american children and youth is a more recent development.
To the to the president from melody barnes, chair of the task force on childhood obesity and director of the domestic policy ad the pdf [164kb]. Some efforts directly change the physical environment but require no purposeful action on the part of the target population (e.
Pertinent issues for setting obesity prevention goals for populations include concepts of optimum population bmi and healthy weight levels, potential effects on food intake and patterns of physical activity and inactivity (the primary modifiable determinants of obesity), as well as attitudes and social norms related to food and eating, physical activity and inactivity, body size, and dietary restrictions (who, 2000; kumanyika et al. Years) in 13 northern california elementary schools, and reported that concerns about being obese and dissatisfaction with body size were highly prevalent, increased with increasing bmi, and present—although to varying degrees—in all socioeconomic strata and ethnic groups.
The increasing prevalence of obesity among children and youth in the united states could be the result of an upward shift in energy intake, a downward shift in energy expenditure, or the occurrence of both trends concurrently (hill and peters, 1998; harnack et al. Soft drinks, chips, candy); and highlights the improvements needed and actions that can promote energy balance rather than addressing any one industry (e.
Thus, even though these monogenetic disorders have provided significant insight into the pathophysiology of obesity (cummings and schwartz, 2003; o'rahilly et al. The critical elements of the action plan's development, described in this and subsequent chapters, were as follows:clarifying definitions related to key conceptsdeveloping a framework to guide the type and scope of data gatheredarticulating obesity prevention goals for children and youthidentifying criteria for conducting an in-depth review of the available evidencetranslating the findings from the best available evidence into specific recommendations that comprise an integrated action tions and terminologychildhood and adolescent obesitybody mass index (bmi) is an indirect measure of obesity based on the readily determined measures of height and weight.
B provides a glossary of terms used throughout this ork for actionusing an ecological perspective, the committee developed a framework to depict the behavioral settings and leverage points that influence both sides of the energy balance2 equation—energy intake and energy expenditure. Are several concepts regarding energy balance and weight gain in children and youth that the committee determined were important to clarify:genetics is a factor in excess weight but it is not the explanation for the recent epidemic of obesity (koplan and dietz, 1999).
Statussocioeconomic status has generally been inversely associated with obesity prevalence (see chapter 2) and children with obese mothers and low family income were found to have significantly elevated risks of becoming obese, independent of other demographic and socioeconomic factors (strauss and knight, 1999). What is clear, however, is that the genetic characteristics of human populations have not changed in the last three decades, while the prevalence of obesity has approximately doubled.
For example, obese children can benefit from healthful choices in the school tion of obesity, particularly among those at high risk, may seem very similar to treatment in that screening is involved and individualized intervention is often delivered in clinical settings. Developing recommendations based on an integrated approach to the evidencethe committee faced a significant challenge in deciding what types of evidence to use in formulating recommendations for obesity prevention in children and youth.
The profiles provide an overview of country data on a selected list of monitoring and surveillance indicators including overweight and obesity for adults, adolescents and children, exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life, saturated fat intake, fruit and vegetable supply, salt intake, iodine status and physical the context of greek public health, childhood obesity emerges as one of the priorities. And ethnic disparitiesthe substantially higher prevalence of obesity in adults, children, and youth in some african-american, hispanic, american-indian, and pacific islander populations (see chapter 2) generates considerations across the entire ecologic framework (see figure 3-2).
This is an area requiring further following sections provide a brief overview of the context for energy balance and the complexities that researchers and policy makers face in these c variation and biological considerationsobesity has long been recognized to occur in families, and having overweight or obese parents increases a child's risk of being obese. Addressing childhood obesity in these contexts will require attention to root causes, and attempts to mitigate the underlying social and environmental adversity will be needed (travers, 1997).
Although treatment approaches may include relatively extreme behavioral changes over the short term, preventive strategies usually necessitate long-term committee's approach to obesity prevention is similar to the range of prevention efforts that have been used to address many other public health problems. Just as there are social and emotional consequences of stigmatization, there are also social and health consequences for obesity becoming the accepted social norm.
