Case study data analysis
Softwareblast (basic local alignment search tool)blast (stand-alone)cn3dconserved domain search service (cd search)e-utilitiesgenbank: bankitgenbank: sequingenbank: tbl2asngenome protmapgenome workbenchprimer-blastprosplignpubchem structure searchsnp submission toolsplignvector alignment search tool (vast)all data & software resources... This analysis of complementing secondary help to ensure the quality of content analysis, especially validity (mayring, 2003, p. In the a first appraisal of the material the data locations are marked, and in a second scrutiny these are processed and necessary the system of categories is re-examined and revised, which necessitates a reappraisal of the material.
Construct validity relates, for instance, to previous success with similar constructs, established models and theories, and representative ity refers to whether the same results are obtained in a renewed application of the analytical tool to the same text and reproducibility is the extent to which the analysis achieves the same results under different circumstances, for instance with . 21 – january use of qualitative content analysis in case study ct: this paper aims at exploring and discussing the possibilities of applying qualitative content analysis as a (text) interpretation method in case study research. According to yin (2003a) one of the most important case study information is the interview: "most commonly, case study interviews are of an open-ended nature, in which you can ask key respondents about the facts of a matter as well as their opinions about events" (yin, 2003a, p.
Besides, different correlate two separate measurements and contingencies, more complex procedures can also be used for analysis ( al. Expressionbiosystemsdatabase of genotypes and phenotypes (dbgap)e-utilitiesgenegene expression omnibus (geo) database gene expression omnibus (geo) datasetsgene expression omnibus (geo) profilesgenome workbenchhomologenemap vieweronline mendelian inheritance in man (omim)refseqgeneunigeneall genes & expression resources... Yin's (2003a) answer to this:"case studies […] are generalizable to theoretical propositions and not to populations or universes.
The procedures of qualitative content analysis seem less appropriate, if the research question is highly open-ended,Explorative, variable and working with categories would be a restriction, or if a more holistic, not step-by-step analysis is planned (mayring, 2000b, p. At the same time,Qualitative content analysis uses a rule-based and methodologically controlled approach in order to deal with the gradually reduce it. Section explores and discusses the possibilities of applying qualitative content analysis as a (text) in case study research and thus tries to find an answer to the research question initially posed (see section 2.
The data were managed using nvivo methods: literature examining qualitative data analysis was reviewed and strategies illustrated by the case study example provided. First means collecting data in the form of numbers the second means collecting data in the form of words or pictures. Therefore, qualitative content analysis viewed as a comprehensive approach to data analysis, which seems to be especially suitable for case study research.
Acknowledging multiple realities in qualitative case studies, as is now commonly done, involves discerning the various perspectives of the researcher, the case/participant, and others, which may or may not converge (yin, 1994). The case study report reports of case studies submitted to tesol quarterly should include the following elements: a statement of the study's purpose and the theoretical context the problem or issue being addressed central research questions a detailed description of the case(s) and explanation of decisions related to sampling and selection context of the study and case history, where relevant issues of access to the site/participants and the relationship between you and the research participant (case) the duration of the study evidence that you obtained informed consent, that the participants' identities and privacy are protected, and, ideally, that participants benefited in some way from taking part in the study methods of data collection and analysis, either manual or computer-based data management and analysis (see weitzman & miles, 1995), or other equipment and procedures used findings, which may take the form of major emergent themes, developmental stages, or an in-depth discussion of each case in relation to the research questions; and illustrative quotations or excerpts and sufficient amounts of other data to establish the validity and credibility of the analysis and interpretations a discussion of factors that might have influenced the interpretation of data in undesired, unanticipated, or conflicting ways a consideration of the connection between the case study and larger theoretical and practical issues in the field references and further reading on case study research cohen, l. It can be measured through inter-coder reliability for which a range of measures and indices have been y, accuracy assumes stability and reproducibility and denotes the extent to which the analysis meets a particular functional standard.
2000a, [6]) even speaks of "a superficial analysis without respecting latent contents and contexts, working fying and distorting quantification. In fact, ryan and bernard (2000) see content analysis as one of the "major coding traditions" (p. This is again in order to achieve a holistic and comprehensive analysis of complex social we have seen in section 3.
In multiple case studies, each case may represent a different thematic finding, such as a different type of learner, teacher, or program (e. Young l2 learners or others who are not highly proficient in their l2 may not have the maturity or the linguistic competence to convey their perspectives easily; in some cases, an assistant who can speak the participant's l1 to explain the research purposes and elicit the participant's views in their l1 may be helpful, depending on the focus of the study (duff, in press). Qualitative content analysis is still a young discipline and further development and improvement might be appropriate as some of the amendments, critiques and limitations of mayring's approach show (see above sections 4.
Toall how tochemicals & bioassaysdna & rnadata & softwaredomains & structuresgenes & expressiongenetics & medicinegenomes & mapshomologyliteratureproteinssequence analysistaxonomytraining & tutorialsvariationabout ncbi accesskeysmy ncbisign in to ncbisign : abstractformatsummarysummary (text)abstractabstract (text)medlinexmlpmid listapplysend tochoose destinationfileclipboardcollectionse-mailordermy bibliographycitation managerformatsummary (text)abstract (text)medlinexmlpmid listcsvcreate file1 selected item: 25976531formatsummarysummary (text)abstractabstract (text)medlinexmlpmid listmesh and other datae-mailsubjectadditional texte-maildidn't get the message? The tesol journal t tesol dual subscriptions to tesol to get copies of tesol quarterly quarterly research ative research: case study ative research: conversation analysis ative research: (critical) ethnography tative research ed consent policy statement and research agenda, august 2004 (pdf). In contrast to this, stake (2000) identifies three types of case studies—intrinsic, instrumental, and collective—with the distinction between intrinsic and instrumental (a collective case study is instrumental study extended to ) addressing the degree to which the focus is on the unique or the generalizable features of the case research (pp.
In fact, openness, qualitative content analysis is strictly controlled methodologically and the material is analyzed in a s (see section 4. Major strength of case study data collection is the opportunity to use many different sources of evidence because the multiple sources of evidence in case studies allows an investigator to address a broader range of historical, attitudinal,And behavioral issues (yin, 2003a, pp. Data reduction may include quantification or other means of data aggregation and reduction, including the use of data matrices, tables, and figures (miles & huberman, 1994).